Positions

This position frames Italy's 2018 immigration debate as a call to help refugees within their own homelands. It argues those fleeing war should be accepted while others 'stay home,' invoking 'Italians first' sentiment, legality concerns, and the exploitation of migrants.

This position frames Italy's 2018 immigration debate as a call to improve immigration policy. It argues migrants cannot simply be sent home, that Italy should help and integrate them, invoking Christian hospitality toward strangers and the plight of LGBT+ refugees fleeing persecution.

This position names J-Hope the best member of BTS. It argues he is a triple threat—dancing, rapping, and singing with equal skill—and that his infectious positivity and charisma make him stand out as the most magnetic presence in the group.

Jack is naturally evil-minded, and the conflict on the island only heightened his animalistic nature. His personality is rooted in exerting dominance and control over others.

This position holds that Jack in Lord of the Flies is not truly evil. It argues that his behaviour is a reaction to extreme circumstances — frustration at being passed over for Ralph's leadership, and a savagery born of the psychological strain of trying to survive while stranded.

This position names Jacqueline du Pre as the greatest cellist of all time. It points to her stunning natural talent, ease and grace with the instrument, which won over audiences and fellow musicians alike — above all in her definitive interpretation of the Elgar Cello Concerto.

This position holds that James Bond may simply be a villain rather than a hero. It argues that, stripped of his glamour, Bond is a cold-blooded assassin who kills on the state's orders — a figure whose conduct, examined plainly, is closer to that of a bad guy than a good one.

This position holds that James Bond is a problematic figure. It argues that, beneath the glamour, Bond is a symbol of sexism, xenophobia and imperialism, and of capitalist over-indulgence — a relic whose values sit uneasily with modern sensibilities.

This position holds that James Bond is an amazing character, popular for decades with good reason. It argues that Bond is a timeless cultural icon and classic hero — the ultimate masculine figure — who has also evolved to reflect social change across his long screen life.

This position presents the James-Lange theory of emotion, which holds that emotions arise from our physiological responses to events. On this view, we do not tremble because we are afraid; rather, we feel afraid because we notice ourselves trembling — the bodily reaction comes first.

Known for his pure and intense tone, and opting for the music to excite, Starker was a distinguished professor of music at Indiana University and principal Cellist of the Chicago Symphony.

This position names Jay-Z as the greatest rapper of all time. It argues that he took rap from the streets into the boardroom — that his music and the business empire he built around it carried the genre to an entirely new level of cultural and commercial reach.

Anyone who challenges the status quo can be termed a pioneer and the fact that Jean-Luc, a director from war tattered France stood up against already established US film industry, makes him great.

There will always be great directors in the film industry. Not one can be termed greatest as only one can't tap into the human emotions which sometimes are very endemic to a particular geography.

Phil Wilson, the Labour candidate who succeeded Tony Blair in Sedgefield summed it up when he said "the party's leadership went down like a lead balloon on the doorstep."

This position names Jermain Defoe as Tottenham's greatest striker. It points to his 163 goals in 363 appearances — sixth on the club's all-time list — his standing among the Premier League's highest-ever scorers, and the loyalty he showed across two spells at the club.

This position catalogues the fringe theory that Jesus was a family man. Popularised by works like The Da Vinci Code, it claims he married Mary Magdalene and fathered children whose bloodline survives — recasting the 'Holy Grail' as that lineage rather than a sacred cup.

This position catalogues the fringe theory that Jesus Christ was an alien — an extraterrestrial from another planet. Its claims include that the star at his birth was a UFO and that his ascension was a return to his home world. The entry records it as an example of the genre.

This position catalogues the fringe theory that Jesus Christ was an 'alter-ego' — a disguised version of someone else. Among its claims is the idea that Jesus was in fact an Ancient Greek philosopher. The encyclopedia records it as an example of the genre, not as established history.

This position holds that Jesus was an apocalyptic prophet. It argues that he frequently spoke in the language of apocalyptic thought, that his life fits the pattern, and that the awkwardness of a failed prophecy — unlikely to be invented — confirms he genuinely preached a coming end.

This position holds that Jesus was not an apocalyptic prophet. It argues that many sources portray him otherwise, that the apocalyptic material was read back into the gospels by the early Church, and that Jesus was in fact preaching a 'realised eschatology' already present, not a coming end.

This position holds that Jews do not constitute a race. It argues Judaism is fundamentally a religion, so framing Jewishness as a race is problematic, and describes Jews instead as an ethnically diverse religious group, sometimes likened to an extended family.

This position describes the 'Jews as traitors' form of European antisemitism: the trope that casts Jews as a disloyal fifth column working to undermine society from within. It encompasses the 'rootless cosmopolitan' slur and the centuries-old blood-libel myth.

This position advances the theory that Jack the Ripper was in fact a woman—'Jill the Ripper.' It argues a woman would have been better positioned to commit the murders and slip away unnoticed, suggesting a midwife as a likely culprit and citing witnesses who described a female suspect.

This position names Jimin as the best member of BTS. It rests above all on his dancing — widely regarded as the finest in the group — arguing that his strikingly skilled, expressive moves make him a standout and a clear fan favourite.

This position names Jimmy Greaves the greatest Tottenham Hotspur striker of all time. It argues his record of 266 goals in 379 appearances makes him the club's top scorer by a wide margin, and that his prolific play helped put Tottenham on the world stage.

A common theory is that Hoffa's body has been hidden in either a dump or a junkyard. The Mafia had connections to local dumps or could have also easily hidden Hoffa in a Junkyard that they had no connections with at all.

This position holds that the missing union leader Jimmy Hoffa was buried after his 1975 disappearance. It surveys theories that the mob hid his body in the ground—on a farm, on mafia-controlled property, or even beneath Detroit's Renaissance Center.

This position holds that the missing union leader Jimmy Hoffa was cremated. It argues that the Mafia's ties to local Detroit crematoriums could have allowed his body to be disposed of and incinerated at one of them, leaving no remains to be found.

This position names Jin as the best member of BTS. It points to his role as the caring 'mother' of the group — the eldest member, who cooks, cleans and looks after his bandmates — and to the reliability and example that have made him a fan favourite.

This position backed Joe Biden as the 2020 Democratic presidential nominee. It argued that his long years of political experience equipped him to govern, that he could reach across the partisan aisle, and that he offered voters a 'return to normalcy' after the Trump era.

Once a supporter of traditional policing, Joe Biden 's position has shifted in favour of community policing, funding reviews and an explicit acceptance of 'systemic racism' within the police force.

Joe Biden will be a conciliatory president for a nation divided by race, class and identity. He is the candidate to give America back its standing in the world, and to put the threat of climate change back at the very top of the global agenda.

This position holds that Joe Biden would be better than Donald Trump for criminal justice. It argues that Trump has a poor record and stayed silent on police brutality and right-wing violence, while Biden would reform the police and the wider justice system, prioritising crime prevention.

Biden is pledging to protect the Affordable Care Act and build on it to provide more healthcare for lower cost to the individual. His stance, giving people more freedom to choose plans and insurance, reducing costs of care and making the system less complex, will benefit American citizens.

Joe Biden has announced a range of measures to reduce racial inequalities and will work collaboratively with minority community leaders. Biden will repair the damage caused by Trump's provocative and offensive approach to race relations.

The Trump administration has already failed to save the lives of millions of vulnerable Americans during the pandemic. Joe Biden will drive the search for a vaccine, and support the most marginalised groups in society during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Biden believes that (1) the United States urgently needs to embrace greater ambition on an epic scale to meet the scope of the environmental challenge, and (2) our environment and our economy are completely and totally connected.

Joe Biden proved his economic nous during the Obama Presidency. His 2020 manifesto lays out a strong plan for revitalising the economy in the wake of a historic recession.

This position names José Mourinho the best Tottenham Hotspur manager of all time. The former Chelsea boss took charge of Spurs in 2019, and the position argues he kept the team competitive through the disruption of the coronavirus pandemic.

This position groups the judicial powers the Constitution vests in the president under Article II, Section 2: nominating justices of the Supreme Court and federal judges, subject to Senate confirmation, and granting reprieves and pardons for federal offences except in cases of impeachment.

This position argues that Julian Assange should be extradited to Sweden, where he faced accusations of rape and sexual assault. It holds that a court had already ruled in favour of extradition, and that refusing to send him would effectively endorse rape culture.

This position holds that Julian Assange should be extradited to the United States. It argues that he committed crimes and should be held accountable — that his intentions were not in the public interest, and that he crossed the line from journalist into criminal.

This position holds that Julian Assange should not be extradited to Sweden. It argues that the Swedish charges against him were dropped, leaving no pending extradition request there, and that he was set up — making any move to send him to Sweden unwarranted.