Positions

This position holds that VAR has made football worse and should be scrapped. It argues that reviews take too long and rob fans of celebrating goals, that human error is part of the game, that football is too free-flowing for it, and that VAR drains the passion from the sport.

This position argues that Western governments are hypocrites on human rights, applying double standards in their diplomacy. It holds that the West readily overlooks abuses—such as Khashoggi's killing—when lucrative financial agreements are at stake.

The Northern Art Renaissance experienced changes in the composition of paintings, adjustments in the types of color and texture, discoveries in anatomy, differences in religious representation in art, and a surge in Gothic style architecture.

This position holds that Northern Ireland should become its own independent country, abandoning both British unionism and Irish nationalism. It argues that neither London nor Dublin has Northern Irish interests truly at heart, and that the region has a distinct culture of its own.

Baby goats in an office are not those good arguments described in traditional argumentation textbooks

This position holds that the West honours human rights only selectively. It argues Western governments will not uphold rights consistently when economic allies are at stake, compromising principles they themselves shaped for the sake of financial gain.

Many important people around Henry VIII including two of his wives were highly influential. Thomas Cromwell and his appointment Archbishop Cranmer were committed to Protestantism and reform. The top-down school of thought sees the Reformation as a political project coming from educated elites in Henry's court.

This position holds that nothing fundamentally separates humans from other animals. It argues that humans are simply animals that happen to be more intelligent, the product of evolution — sharing far more important attributes with other species than the dividing lines we like to draw suggest.

This position holds that notions of love are culture-specific. It argues that different cultures define and experience love in their own distinct ways — from courtly love to traditions that separate love from sexual desire — so there is no single, universal idea of what love is.

Distinctive flow, semi-autobiographical lyrics, and a true storyteller, Biggie took rap places that we didn't know it could go. He made the complex sound smooth and easy, difficult technique never getting in the way of the music.

This position names Novak Djokovic the greatest tennis player of all time. It argues he arrived when the two winningest players ever were at their peak and beat them both, and that with the fewest gaps in his résumé he has already done enough to claim the title outright.

This position holds that nuclear energy is not safe. It argues that the potential for catastrophe — meltdowns that can never be completely ruled out — is by itself enough to deem it unsafe, and that there remains no genuinely safe long-term way to store radioactive nuclear waste.

This position holds that nuclear energy is safe. It argues that modern advances in reactor design have made it safe, that nuclear plants operate under the very highest safety standards, and that nuclear power is a sustainable source of energy.

Although nuclear weapons are destructive and have the potential to do large amounts of damage to the world. They are a reality that we must accept as there is no effective way to ensure that every country would uphold a worldwide agreement to ban them.

Nuclear weapons are an important part of the modern world. Although relations are tense between many powerful countries, the threat of nuclear war deters any serious conflict and creates peace.

Nuclear weapons are destructive and costly. There should be a worldwide push to prohibit the development, stockpiling, and testing of these weapons and eradicate them completely.

This position holds that nurture matters more than nature in shaping who we become. It argues that environment — family, upbringing and social context — is the real determinant of identity, and that key traits such as aggression are demonstrably learned rather than inherited.

This position holds that obesity should be classified as a disease. It argues obesity meets the definition of a disease, has significant harmful effects on the body, and contributes to thousands of deaths, much as recognised illnesses do.

This position holds that obesity should be understood as a mental illness. It argues that most of obesity's causes are rooted in mental health — that psychological conditions can drive the behaviours leading to weight gain — so it is best classified and treated as a mental illness.

This position holds that obesity is not a disease. It argues obesity can stem from outside forces such as injury or medication, or simply from overeating, and that having negative physical effects does not make something a disease—plenty of harmful conditions are not classed as illnesses.

This position holds that death is a central theme of Of Mice and Men. It argues that death and violence shadow the story from the start and touch every character — culminating in the killing of Curley's wife and, most wrenchingly, in Lennie's death at George's hands.

George and Lennie are extremely loyal to each other. In addition, George, Lennie, and their fellow workers build a sense of comradery over the course of the book.

George remarks that he used to play mean-spirited pranks on Lennie. Also, Crooks (an African-American man on the ranch with them) is often the target of racism and isolation.

This position holds that the American Dream is a central theme of Of Mice and Men. It argues that the novel centres on the hope of lower-class field workers George and Lennie to own their own farm and be their own bosses — a dream the harsh world repeatedly puts out of reach.

One of the protagonists of the story, Lennie, views the world in a childlike way, due to a mental disability. His inability to understand his strength often leads to him accidentally hurting others.

This position holds that one need not sleep at night specifically to be healthy. It argues that what matters for health is getting adequate sleep, not the time of day it occurs — so the hours a person sleeps, day or night, do not in themselves affect their health.

This position highlights retrieval as one of the most complex and consequential of the brain's memory processes — the everyday act of recalling stored information. It examines how retrieval works alongside forgetting, and what can be done to strengthen and improve memory.

Electing one or two Republicans would give the GOP a majority in the Senate, likely preventing a Biden Presidency from rolling out some of its more ambitious policy plans.

This position holds that responsibility for the Holocaust lay specifically with the Nazi German citizens who enabled and carried it out — not Hitler alone, nor humanity at large. It argues that the genocide required the participation and complicity of ordinary Germans under the regime.

This position holds that only sleeping at night keeps a person healthy. It argues the body and mind benefit most from nocturnal sleep, since our natural rhythms are tuned to darkness—so rest taken at night, rather than during the day, is what truly sustains good health.

This position holds that only the state — the police and the army — should be permitted to own firearms. It frames gun control as a public-health issue, arguing that removing guns from private hands altogether is the surest way to reduce the deaths and harm they cause.

This position holds that commercial space flight should be open only to the young and healthy. It argues that spaceflight is dangerous and physically demanding — and that, just as NASA and other agencies impose strict health standards on astronauts, commercial passengers should meet them too.

This position holds that originality is what creates star quality. It argues stars rise to fame because they are different and memorable, standing out from the crowd—pointing to distinctive artists such as Lady Gaga and Daft Punk as proof that originality breeds stardom.

This position holds that the title of greatest baseball player should be open beyond the usual names. It argues that several other all-time greats — among them Lou Gehrig and Ted Williams — have records and statistical achievements that put them squarely in contention for the top spot.

This position holds that the brain forms memories first through encoding — the initial step of registering information for storage. It describes the different routes by which this happens, including visual, acoustic and semantic encoding, and the processing that fixes a memory in place.

We knew this was coming, strategies and plans had been drawn up, but the system has been unable to act in a way that avoids the worst outcomes. The performance should make us certain that the world is ill prepared to respond to larger future climate shocks.

This approach believes that this crisis hinges on the relationship between the state and the individual. It focuses on police brutality and state-sanctioned violence against innocent citizens.

This position holds that UK institutions are not intrinsically racist. It argues that their long record of reform — the Race Relations Acts, the Equality Act, responses to inquiries such as Macpherson — shows a capacity to change with criticism that an inherently racist system could not have.

This position holds that UK institutions centre white feelings and uphold white supremacy. It argues they prioritise the comfort of those accused of racism over the harm reported, burden marginalised people with managing that defensiveness, and offer token gestures rather than real change.