Positions

This position holds that the role of the police in America is to enforce the legal system. It argues that the police are the working arm of the executive branch — deterring and preventing crime, making arrests, and carrying out the decisions of the legislature and judiciary.

This position holds that the role of the police in America is to hurt people and ruin lives. It argues the police serve no purpose beyond perpetuating brutality and oppression, that officers bully others to boost their egos, and that they enforce a fundamentally racist agenda.

This position holds that the role of the police in America is to keep communities safe. It argues that modern society is more hostile than the small communities of the past, and so needs police to keep the peace, serve and protect, and make towns secure places to live.

This position backed Tom Steyer as the 2020 Democratic presidential nominee. It argued that the billionaire activist had the funds and resources to mount a serious campaign, and that, as a political outsider who 'puts his money where his mouth is', he offered something different.

This position holds that transgender people should not use the bathroom matching their gender identity. Its arguments contend that doing so could pose risks to cisgender women, and that, in this framing, claims of sexual liberty should not override others' religious liberty.

This position holds that transgender people should use the bathroom matching their gender identity, as a matter of basic dignity. It argues that trans women are not predators, that trans identities are valid, and that using the corresponding facilities keeps transgender people safer.

This position holds that transracialism should be rejected as invalid and as cultural appropriation. It argues that claiming a racial identity not one's own enables deception that offends the groups involved, and that it cannot be equated with being transgender.

This position holds that Troy is a mythological city that never truly existed. It notes scholars long doubted its reality, argues the Iliad is steeped in myth, questions whether the Trojan horse ambush occurred, and observes Homer wrote centuries after the supposed war.

Trump is an unconventional President. Yet, his supporters consider this one of his strengths. Trump has changed the meaning and importance of acting presidential.

Trump has pushed for funding for his border wall with Mexico. He has implemented tax reforms and cut tax rates. He has also worked to increase jobs in the manufacturing sector.

This position holds that Donald Trump did not change what it means to be presidential. It argues that the office's core standards endure regardless of his conduct — that being presidential still means being trustworthy — so his failure to act the part does not redefine the expectation.

This position holds that Donald Trump did not keep his promises. It points to the unbuilt border wall Mexico never paid for, his failure to 'drain the swamp' or repeal and replace the ACA, and the manufacturing jobs and tax cuts for lower-income families that did not materialise.

This position holds that tuition fees should stay the same while maintenance loans rise. It argues that tuition, repaid only once a graduate earns above a threshold, barely affects affordability, while maintenance support determines whether a student can cover living costs without part-time work.

Shakur's poetic and motivational lyrics make him the most influential rapper of his time. He employed various techniques in producing sounds to deliver his unique artistry. His music addressed issues within the Black community as well as the stigma against them, which resonated with young audiences.

Twitter is a microblogging and social networking platform that allows users to interact and share their thoughts in "tweets". Twitter helps you keep up-to-date with what's happening around the world, including the latest quarantine challenges.

Many Russian media sources have been claiming that Ukraine was responsible for shooting down flight MH17 even before the release of the findings from the Dutch investigation.

This position holds universities should be free and fully funded by the state. It argues a degree is now essential for most jobs, that free education spares young people heavy debt, widens access and social mobility for poorer students, and restores opportunities older generations enjoyed.

This position holds that universities should not be free. It argues the economy needs vocational skills more than more graduates, that paying makes students value their education, that graduates' earnings premium means they should bear the cost, and that free degrees would devalue the credential.

This position holds that STEM university degrees should be free. It argues that the cost and debt of demanding science, technology, engineering and maths courses deter entrants from fields facing shortages, and that where the degree is a strict job requirement, charging for it is a toll on entry.

This position favours keeping tuition fees unchanged but raising maintenance loans. It argues income-contingent tuition is repaid only above an earnings threshold, so the true barrier is living costs — which force poorer students to work — and that bigger maintenance loans would fix that.

This position holds that the US lost the Vietnam War through its own strategic failures, not communist strength. It points to a self-limited bombing campaign, intelligence failures, and above all the loss of the Vietnamese people's 'hearts and minds' to the enemy.

The use of CRISPR raises ethical concerns because it has the potential to amplify racial inequality. There are also issues regarding consent, the possibility of unintended changes to the human genome, and the eradication of genetic conditions based on faulty justifications.

This position names V as the best member of BTS. It argues that he is a persistent fan favourite around the world, and points to his distinction as the only member of the group to have worked as an actor as setting him apart.

Until the beginning of the 20th Century, infectious diseases were the most common cause of death. This is no longer the case because of the development of vaccines. The reality is that vaccines have saved countless lives.

Big Pharma puts profit above safety, and promotes misinformation about the dangers of disease that our bodies are perfectly capable of fighting off without vaccinations.

Demings would help Biden win Florida, a swing state. Her personal experience as a poor Black woman in the South would bring African-American voters of the region to vote for Biden. As a former police chief, Demings would bring great insight into racism and police reform.

Although vaping is advertised as a far better product than traditional cigarettes, it doesn't affect people any less harmful. Since it is a fairly new product, experts still have to examine its dangerousness to a user's health. With the studies done so far, doctors and researchers have claimed that its potential effects could be far worse in the long run. For such reasons, vaping can be as harmful as smoking cigarettes.

E-cigarettes serve as a better alternative to users of traditional cigarettes. Vaping substances don't have tobacco or tar, so they have less serious health effects. They serve the purpose of allowing users to quit smoking by controlling their nicotine intake.

This position holds that vegan spaces are safe and accessible for all. It argues veganism is too diverse to call racist wholesale, that racism contradicts its compassionate ethic, that such accusations are divisive infighting, and that centring human-rights debates risks sidelining the animal cause.

Just like any modern form of entertainment media, video games are undeniably an art form. No one debates the legitimacy of film, photography, or digital paintings as art. So why should video games, which are essentially interactive movies, be excluded?

No one can deny the artistic beauty which goes into the development of a video game. But no video game has ever mastered its art in the way that fine art has been mastered by the greatest artists. Culture has not been impacted by video games like it has been impacted by other, more established art forms.

Video games are not meant to elicit an aesthetic or emotional response from a player. They are instead a media which seeks to sell itself to as many people as possible, just like any mass-produced, off-the-shelf product. A car may look aesthetically pleasing, but it is still just a product meant to drive a person from point A to point B. A video game is the same.

This position holds that violence is not always wrong but can be justified by its reason. Its central argument is self-defence: when force is used to repel an imminent, serious attack, it is not merely excusable but a rational and justified means of protecting one's own life and safety.

This position holds that voting should be compulsory. It argues that citizens owe the state political participation, that voting is a public good, and that mandatory voting would raise turnout and strengthen the democratic legitimacy of the resulting government.

This position holds that voting should not be compulsory. It argues that the state has no right to force political participation, that a meaningful vote is one freely chosen, and that compulsion would simply lead many to pay a fine rather than vote sincerely.