Encyclopedia of Opinion
Question
What is a black hole?
Position1 of 4
Black hole structure
Argument2 of 2

A black hole is a core of infinite density

The singularity of a black hole consists of huge amounts of matter packed into an infinitely tiny point.

The argument

A singularity contains the entire mass of a collapsed star in a single indefinitely small point. It is a point of infinite density and gravity, causing the known laws of physics to break down. This center point of gravitational force is what causes the surrounding black hole and resides in the center of every black hole. At the singularity, the laws of physics break down and become unpredictable. The immense gravity warps four-dimensional spacetime into a single dimension. This means that objects falling into the black hole can only move toward the singularity, and time does not exist for them in a recognizable form.

Premises

[P1]A black hole's singularity holds the entire mass of a collapsed star in an indefinitely small point of infinite density and gravity, at which the known laws of physics break down and become unpredictable. [P2] There the immense gravity warps four-dimensional spacetime so that infalling objects can only move toward the singularity and time ceases to exist for them in any recognizable form. [C] Therefore a black hole is, at its core, a point of infinite density — the defining feature of its structure.

Counter-arguments

A singularity has never been observed, so while it could be mathematically or theoretically true, it can't be confirmed. The event horizon of a black hole, the boundary that light cannot pass out of, surrounds the singularity, so no information can escape from the singularity. Therefore we will never be able to see a singularity or observe it, and cannot know that it exists.

Rejecting the premises

[Rejecting P1] The premise states a prediction of general relativity as though it were an observation, and then reports the reason to doubt it. Where the known laws break down, the quantity they predict — infinite density — is usually read as the theory failing rather than as a fact about nature; singularities are what a classical theory produces in a regime where a quantum account of gravity is expected to be required. [Rejecting P2] The description of infall is better established than the description of the centre, and it does not support it. That trajectories inside the horizon lead inward, and that an outside observer's notion of time no longer applies, are consequences of the geometry near the horizon, none of which requires a point of infinite density at the middle. [Rejecting C] The conclusion also makes the least observable feature definitive. What is actually established about black holes concerns the horizon — its size, its relation to mass and spin, and in the imaged cases the shadow it casts — while the counter's point stands that no information from inside can reach us, so the core cannot be the defining feature of a structure described entirely from outside.