The no-hair theorem

Black holes are complicated objects: born at the death of a star, they have immense mass, infinite density, and infinite gravity, and warp the fabric of spacetime into a single dimension. Yet a theorem known as no-hair theorem states that all this complexity is hidden behind the event horizon and that on the outside black holes can be described with just three quantities. All information about the black hole and what has gone into it besides these three aspects is lost behind the event horizon and cannot be interpreted or measured.^[1] No-hair theorem describes black holes by three attributes: mass, electric charge, and angular momentum. Mass is the amount of matter compacted in the center of the black hole. Electric charge is the overall electromagnetic charge that the black hole possesses. Angular momentum is which direction, and how forcefully, the black hole is spinning. Regardless of how they form or what matter they have enveloped, black holes that have the same values for these three numbers are indistinguishable.^[2]

[P1] Almost no information can escape the event horizon of a black hole. [P2] Outside the event horizon, only three qualities of a black hole can be observed. [P3] These qualities are mass, electric charge, and angular momentum.