- Question
- What is dark matter?
- Position‹3 of 4›
- Dark matter is made of a combination of particles
- Argument
Dark matter is made of a combination of Baryonic and non-Baryonic material
Dark matter does not have to be one thing but can be a combination of particles including Baryonic and non-Baryonic matter.
The argument
Dark matter may consist of several types of particles including Baryonic material like black holes and non-Baryonic materials like neutrinos and axions. The case for a mixture rather than a single substance rests partly on how many candidates remain live at once: potential candidates for dark matter include dim brown dwarfs, white dwarfs, and neutron stars, and black holes may also be part of the picture. None of these has been shown to account for the whole, and there is no principle requiring that any one of them should, since ordinary matter is not made of a single kind of object either. Most likely, dark matter is a combination of various non-Baryonic materials. A second consideration points the same way. Dark matter may be able to interact with itself and produce a variety of dark matter products, and if it does, then variety would be generated by those interactions rather than having to be present from the beginning. Dark matter can diversify due to these interactions, and dark matter might in that case have the same kind of diversity that normal matter has, arriving by the same route. Pushed further, the possibility becomes more striking. The diversity of dark matter might even lead to the possibility of a whole dark life: the more varieties of matter that form as a result of dark matter colliding with itself will lead to the formation of new species and potentially, one of the species may possess living characteristics. This theory is similar to how normal matter collided on earth leading all the living things today. Each of these possibilities presupposes that dark matter is compound rather than simple, which is the claim being made here.
Premises
Counter-arguments
Dark matter is composed of a single type of particle. While current research offers several possibilities for dark matter, more experimentation informs us on what dark matter is not and helps eliminate some of the theories scientists proposed. Research continues to narrow the possibilities and eventually there will be one type of dark matter. With time, scientists will become more certain of what dark matter is not which will get them closer to what it is exactly.
Rejecting the premises
[Rejecting P1] The candidates listed are not on equal footing. Neutrinos exist but are far too light and fast-moving to account for how structure formed, and the baryonic candidates are constrained by measurements of primordial element abundances, which imply that ordinary matter makes up only a small fraction of the total. Listing possibilities is not evidence that several of them contribute. [Rejecting P2] Brown dwarfs, white dwarfs and neutron stars are all made of ordinary matter, so presenting them as distinct candidate types overstates the diversity on offer. Searches for such compact objects through gravitational microlensing have also placed tight limits on how much of a galactic halo they can constitute. [Rejecting P3] The self-interaction premise is speculative and the "dark life" extension has no observational support at all — it is offered by analogy with ordinary matter rather than by evidence, and the analogy assumes precisely the chemistry-like complexity that is in question. As the counter-argument notes, the field's trajectory has been to eliminate candidates rather than accumulate them, so an argument built on the current breadth of possibilities is an argument from present ignorance.